Methyl oleate (biodiesel) Glycerol (3 x 296.50 = 889.50 g) (92.10 g) Figure 2. Transesterification of Triolein this by 12.0111, the molecular weight of carbon. Doing the same thing for hydrogen and oxygen gives: 57 x 12.0111 = 684.63 104 x 1.00797 = 104.83 6 x 16.000 = 96.00 Total = 885.46 grams per mole Biodiesel Production. (Under the direction of Richard R. Johnson and William L. Roberts) Biodiesel has emerged as a viable substitute for petroleum diesel. The fuel can be made easily from either virgin or waste vegetable oil. A common means of production is base-catalyzed transesterification. After twenty-five years of study, the description Biodiesel Abstract The main objective of the work is to optimize the transesterification process for biodiesel production to yield biodiesel that has the best properties, such as viscosity, cetane number, flash point, fire point, and calorific value. Jatropha oil (nonedible vegetable oil) was used to produce biodiesel. big potential for producing biodiesel because the developments in Indonesia's Crude Palm Oil (CPO) production is increasing every year. Biodiesel is mostly produced by a transesterification reaction, from oil with an alcohol and the presence of a catalyst to generate mono-alkyl esters and glycerol, which are then separated and purified [3]. Transesterification for Biodiesel Conversion Transesterification is a chemical reaction used for the conversion of triglycerides (fats) contained in oils, (Feedstocks) into usable biodiesel. Biodiesel produced by the process of transesterification has a much lower viscosity, making it capable of replacing petroleum diesel in diesel engines. For the biodiesel production process, this reaction must also be accompanied by multiple pieces of ancillary equipment. Figure 3 displays a typical process path for producing biodiesel using transesterification. It is standard to find a series of separation and purification units after the reactor which removes the biodiesel from the process. An energy-profit ratio was used to measure whether tallow-based biodiesel has a net energy gain. The ratio ranged from 0.48 to 7.02, depending on the starting point of the analysis (animal growth, rendering, or transesterification) and the type of transesterification process used (batch or continuous flow). The ratio was less Development of low-cost, sustainable and environmentally friendly biodiesel is a key focus in the energy industry worldwide. It is known that selecting suitable raw feedstock materials and optimising an efficient transesterification process are crucial in biodiesel production. Effective and realistic strategies are imperative in order to boost the quantity and quality of biodiesel production Biodiesel seems to be a replacement to the diesel and can be commonly produced by two-step esterification-transesterification process. In the current research, single-step process of direct transesterification method is developed and is compared with conventional two-step esterification-transesterification method. A typical mechanism of acid catalyzed transesterification of vegetable oils. The transesterification process in biodiesel production is catalyzed by Bronsted acids like HCl, BF 3, H 3PO 4, H 2SO 4 and sulphonic acids 49,50. Preferably, sulphonic and sulphuric acids are mostly used. 1 Biodiesel Production from